Warning: mkdir(): No space left on device in /www/wwwroot/strippedagain.com/index.php on line 41 正在播放《战神金刚：传奇的保护神第一季》第09集_高清1080P在线观看平台__高清版完整视频免费在线播放_StrippedAgain - 极简无广告免费电影｜纯净版高清影视，直接观看不啰嗦 - strippedagain.com
Five Earth teens - Keith, Lance, Hunk, Pidge and Shiro - who become the last line of defense for the galaxy in an intergalactic battle against the evil alien force led by King Zarkon.